固溶处理对A286合金组织与硬度的影响

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜和洛氏硬度计等研究了固溶温度(980、1000、1020℃)和保温时间(60、90、120 min)对A286合金微观组织和硬度的影响。结果表明,热轧态合金基体为再结晶的均匀奥氏体晶粒组织,同时存在一次碳氮化物。随着固溶温度的升高和保温时间的延长,再结晶晶粒优先从表面生长并逐渐向内部扩展,晶界有较大尺寸磷化物析出,合金硬度小幅度降低。     

激光重熔处理对铝合金微弧氧化层组织及性能的影响

采用激光重熔处理改善6061铝合金微弧氧化层的耐蚀性,采用光学显微镜、共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、电化学工作站等研究了500～1000 W激光功率下微弧氧化层孔隙率、粗糙度、表面形貌、物相组成及耐蚀性能。结果表明,经过激光重熔处理后微弧氧化层主要由α-Al₂O₃和γ-Al₂O₃两相组成,随着激光功率的增加,γ-Al₂O₃向α-Al₂O₃转化的程度增加。激光功率为500～900 W时微弧氧化层孔隙率先增加后减小,但粗糙度变化不明显;1000 W时微弧氧化层鼓起、开裂,粗糙度、孔隙率增加。激光功率为900 W时微弧氧化层表面微孔孔径减小甚至闭合、裂纹数量减少,孔隙率降至最低,耐蚀性能最好。     

喷雾干燥结合等离子球化法制备NbMoTaWZr-HfC粉末的特性与组织演变研究

采用喷雾干燥+射频等离子体球化法制备NbMoTaWZr-HfC球形粉末,并对粉末的宏观特性、物相组成和微观组织形貌进行研究和分析。结果表明,制备的复合粉末形状为球形,粒度范围为13.31～32.11μm,D50=19.62μm。粉末球形度、流速和松装密度分别为0.98、0.198 s/g,7.20 g/cm³。球化后粉末由体心立方(bcc)固溶体+ZrO₂+HfC物相组成,其内部组织为枝晶和胞状晶混合组织。球化后粉末颗粒整体成分均匀,但在枝晶微区存在元素偏析,其中W、Mo、Ta等高熔点元素在枝晶臂富集,Nb、Zr等低熔点元素在枝晶间富集,而Hf元素分布均匀。     

Field measurement and aeroelastic wind tunnel test of wind‐induced vibrations of lattice tower

Lattice towers are among the most vulnerable structures during typhoons. In this study, the wind engineering research field base near Shanghai Pudong International Airport was used to measure the mean wind speeds and directions at a height of 10 m, as well as the accelerations atop a 40‐m high lattice tower during Typhoons Neoguri and Nakri to investigate the characteristics of the near‐ground wind and the responses of the lattice tower. Moreover, an aeroelastic model of the lattice tower was generated by the discrete stiffness method. Using the wind tunnel test of the aeroelastic model, the root mean square accelerations of the tower were studied with different wind speeds and directions. The responses of the tower in the across‐wind direction were found always higher than those in the along‐wind direction, which meant the vortex shedding of each single cylinder had an impact on the responses of the tower in the across‐wind direction. The test results were compared with those of field measurements to evaluate the accuracy of the aeroelastic model, and the two were generally in a good agreement. Thus, the aeroelastic model could precisely simulate the dynamic characteristics of a prototypical lattice tower using the discrete stiffness method.     

中等城市地下空间规划编制方法初探

伴随城市的快速发展及土地的集约利用,我国城市地下空间资源开发进入综合发展时期。然而,目前规划编制体系还不尽成熟,未形成不同等级规模城市的地下空间规划编制方法。中等城市的发展存在广阔的空间和可塑性,其地下空间规划的编制对我国未来城市化发展具有重要战略意义。本文结合新沂市中心城区地下空间的规划实践,探索适用于中等城市的地下空间编制方法,引导规划管理。①总规层面:对接上位规划,定性与定量分析相结合,挖掘城市特色,创造地下空间公共价值,合理进行分区引导,实现“刚弹结合”; ②控规层面:衔接规划管理,形成“文字+管控导则”的管控体系。     

城市地下空间开发利用现状及未来发展理念

城市快速发展出现诸如环境污染、资源短缺、交通拥堵、房价高等“大城市病”问题,破解“大城市病”的最佳选择在于开展城市地下空间开发利用。归纳我国大城市建设存在的“大城市病”特征,提出了城市地下空间开发利用对于城市可持续发展的现实意义,对国内外城市地下空间开发现状进行了综述,明确了当前城市地下空间开发利用存在的核心问题及发展方向;基于国内外现状分析,明确进行了我国未来地下城市空间开发利用的发展原则;提出未来地下城市规划布局发展的若干理念,从法制构建角度倡导树立第四国土、地下红线理念;从规划、设计、建造角度推崇融合设计、规划留白、智慧建造等理念;从空间角度提议采用节点TOD空间布局理念;从可持续发展角度坚持以人为本理念。本研究综述及发展理念旨在为未来大城市立体空间联动利用提供模式借鉴。     

陈从周中国园林研究的学术史情境初探:与刘敦桢、童寯的关联与比较

将陈从周的中国园林研究放入学术史的脉络情境,重点考察陈从周与刘敦桢、童寯两位前辈的关联,在认识学术影响的同时也关注陈从周先生园林研究的自身独到特色,从而更清晰地理解陈从周先生的中国园林研究的历史贡献,并对20世纪中国园林学术史得到更深入认识。     

Comparative studies of grain refinement of commercial purity Mg by CaO and Ca addition

ABSTRACT

The comparative studies of grain refinement of commercial purity Mg by CaO/Ca addition have been investigated by using TP-1 tests, optical microscope, XRD characterisation and TEM (STEM) observation along with EDX analysis. Experimental results showed that Ca/CaO addition significantly refines the grain structure of commercial purity Mg. Compared with Ca addition, CaO exhibits finer grain size and the average grain size remains invariable with further CaO addition. CaO addition is readily reduced to Ca by Mg melt and forms Mg₂Ca on the surface of MgO particles. First-principle calculations were used to understand the nucleation of Mg₂Ca layer by a coherent interface model calculating the work of adhesion and the interface energy between Mg₂Ca and α-Mg. The combination of experiments and calculations showed that the formation of Mg₂Ca layer on MgO facilitates the nucleation of α-Mg and then refines the grain structure by Ca or CaO addition.     

放顶煤采场顶板运动规律的研究

利用离散元和有限元数值模拟及力学解析计算，分析了放顶煤采场中上覆岩层运动规律；认为采场上覆岩层运动为分层运动，运动结构为拱－梁结构；拱－梁转换的实现，是以拱顶的失稳升高为条件，在分析了影响顶板运动的主要因素（顶板岩层断裂角、放煤步距、顶板岩层块体尺寸、顶煤厚度）的基础上，认为放煤步距过大（≥２ｍ）会降低放煤率，增大老顶垮落的动压冲击程度。放顶煤工作面与非放顶煤工作面的区别是，采空区充填系数小，顶板岩层运动剧烈，走向方向超前支承应力峰值较大。     

颚式破碎机数字化开发平台

在Solid Works平台上采用VB及API技术开发出颚式破碎机数字化开发平台.介绍了颚式破碎机数字化开发平台的结构、专家系统在破碎机方案设计中的应用及颚式破碎机结构参数的优化设计方法.该平台集设计计算、绘图、参数优化、分析于一体,实现了并行及敏捷设计.